DEMO_febio_0044_mammography_01.m

Below is a demonstration for:

Contents

Keywords

clear; close all; clc;

Plot settings

fontSize=15;
faceAlpha1=0.8;
faceAlpha2=0.3;
markerSize=40;
lineWidth=3;

r=60; %Breast radius
r1=r/2.5;
r2=r/7;
rm=mean([r1 r2]);
w=(r1-r2)/20;
h=r2;
dx=r/4; %Gravity direction shape alteration factor
nRefine=3; %Number of refine steps for hemi-sphere
volumeFactor=3;

Control parameters

% Path names
defaultFolder = fileparts(fileparts(mfilename('fullpath')));
savePath=fullfile(defaultFolder,'data','temp');

% Defining file names
febioFebFileNamePart='tempModel';
febioFebFileName=fullfile(savePath,[febioFebFileNamePart,'.feb']); %FEB file name
febioLogFileName=fullfile(savePath,[febioFebFileNamePart,'.txt']); %FEBio log file name
febioLogFileName_disp=[febioFebFileNamePart,'_disp_out.txt']; %Log file name for exporting displacement
febioLogFileName_force=[febioFebFileNamePart,'_force_out.txt']; %Log file name for exporting force
febioLogFileName_strainEnergy=[febioFebFileNamePart,'_energy_out.txt']; %Log file name for exporting strain energy density

%Material parameter set
c1_1=0.25*1e-3; %Shear-modulus-like parameter
m1_1=2; %Material parameter setting degree of non-linearity
k_factor=1e2; %Bulk modulus factor
k_1=c1_1*k_factor; %Bulk modulus

c1_2=c1_1; %Shear-modulus-like parameter
m1_2=2; %Material parameter setting degree of non-linearity
k_factor=1e2; %Bulk modulus factor
k_2=c1_2*k_factor; %Bulk modulus

% FEA control settings
numTimeSteps=10; %Number of time steps desired
max_refs=25; %Max reforms
max_ups=0; %Set to zero to use full-Newton iterations
opt_iter=10; %Optimum number of iterations
max_retries=5; %Maximum number of retires
dtmin=(1/numTimeSteps)/100; %Minimum time step size
dtmax=1/numTimeSteps; %Maximum time step size
symmetric_stiffness=1;
min_residual=1e-20;
runMode='external';

tissueDensity=1e-9; %ton/mm^3
gravityConstant=9.81.*1e-3; %mm/s^2

Create hemi-sphere

[F,V,C_hemiSphereLabel]=hemiSphereMesh(nRefine,r,1); %Construct hemi-shere mesh
pointSpacing=mean(patchEdgeLengths(F,V)); % Get point spacing from mesh

Change shape of hemi-sphere to create basic breast model

indExclude=unique(F(C_hemiSphereLabel==2,:));
logicExclude=false(size(V,1),1);
logicExclude(indExclude)=1;

dt=sqrt(sum(V(:,[1 2]).^2,2));
logicHigh1=dt<r1 & ~logicExclude;
logicHigh2=dt<r2 & ~logicExclude;

C_skin=double(logicHigh1);
C_skin(logicHigh2)=2;

t=linspace(0,2*pi,500);
x=rm*sin(t);
y=rm*cos(t);
vc=[x(:) y(:)];

[d]=minDist(V(C_skin==1,[1 2]),vc);
dtt=d.^3;
dtt=dtt-min(dtt);
dtt=dtt./max(dtt);
dtt=abs(dtt-1)*w;
V(C_skin==1,3)=V(C_skin==1,3)+dtt;

f=V(:,3);
f=f-min(f(:));
f=f./max(f(:));
V(:,1)=V(:,1)+dx.*f;

dtt=dt(C_skin==2).^3;
dtt=dtt-min(dtt);
dtt=dtt./max(dtt);
dtt=abs(dtt-1)*h;
V(C_skin==2,3)=V(C_skin==2,3)+dtt;

Create inclusion

[Fs,Vs]=geoSphere(2,r/6);
Vs(:,3)=Vs(:,3)+r/2;
Vs(:,2)=Vs(:,2)+r/4;
Vs(:,1)=Vs(:,1)+r/2;

Rotate model

rotCase=2;
switch rotCase
    case 1 %Supine
        R=eye(3,3);
    case 2 %Standing
        R=euler2DCM([pi -0.5*pi 0]);
    case 3 %Side-45
        R=euler2DCM([-0.25*pi 0 0]);
end

V=V*R;
Vs=Vs*R;

Visualize breast model

cFigure; hold on;
hp=gpatch(F,V,C_skin,'none',0.5);
hp.FaceColor='Interp';
gpatch(Fs,Vs,'kw','none',1);
axisGeom;
camlight headlight;
colormap parula;
gdrawnow;

[surfaceVolume]=triSurfVolume(F,V);

tissueMass=tissueDensity.*surfaceVolume;
tissueMass_kg=tissueMass.*1000;
bodyForceMagnitude=tissueMass.*gravityConstant;

Get interior points

[V_in1]=getInnerPoint({F,Fs},{V,Vs});
[V_in2]=getInnerPoint(Fs,Vs);

C=[C_hemiSphereLabel;(max(C_hemiSphereLabel(:))+1)*ones(size(Fs,1),1)];
F=[F;Fs+size(V,1)];
V=[V;Vs];

cFigure; hold on;
gpatch(F,V,C,'none',0.5);
axisGeom;
camlight headlight;
colormap gjet; icolorbar;
gdrawnow;

V_regions=[V_in1; V_in2];

cFigure; hold on;
gpatch(F,V,C,'none',0.5);
% gpatch(Fs,Vs,'kw','none',1);
plotV(V_regions,'k.','markerSize',50);
axisGeom;
camlight headlight;
gdrawnow;

faceBoundaryMarker=C;

[regionA]=tetVolMeanEst(F,V); %Volume for regular tets
inputStruct.stringOpt='-pq1.2AaY';
inputStruct.Faces=fliplr(F);
inputStruct.Nodes=V;
inputStruct.holePoints=[];
inputStruct.faceBoundaryMarker=faceBoundaryMarker; %Face boundary markers
inputStruct.regionPoints=V_regions; %region points
inputStruct.regionA=regionA*ones(size(V_regions,1),1)*volumeFactor;
inputStruct.minRegionMarker=2; %Minimum region marker

% Mesh model using tetrahedral elements using tetGen
[meshOutput]=runTetGen(inputStruct); %Run tetGen

% Access model element and patch data
Fb=meshOutput.facesBoundary;
Cb=meshOutput.boundaryMarker;
V=meshOutput.nodes;
CE=meshOutput.elementMaterialID;
E=meshOutput.elements;

 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
--- TETGEN Tetrahedral meshing --- 07-Jul-2020 10:12:12
 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
--- Writing SMESH file --- 07-Jul-2020 10:12:12
----> Adding node field
----> Adding facet field
----> Adding holes specification
----> Adding region specification
--- Done --- 07-Jul-2020 10:12:12
--- Running TetGen to mesh input boundary--- 07-Jul-2020 10:12:12
Opening /mnt/data/MATLAB/GIBBON/data/temp/temp.smesh.
Delaunizing vertices...
Delaunay seconds:  0.032895
Creating surface mesh ...
Surface mesh seconds:  0.005121
Recovering boundaries...
Boundary recovery seconds:  0.006927
Removing exterior tetrahedra ...
Spreading region attributes.
Exterior tets removal seconds:  0.002007
Recovering Delaunayness...
Delaunay recovery seconds:  0.010339
Refining mesh...
Refinement seconds:  0.063573
Optimizing mesh...
Optimization seconds:  0.004852

Writing /mnt/data/MATLAB/GIBBON/data/temp/temp.1.node.
Writing /mnt/data/MATLAB/GIBBON/data/temp/temp.1.ele.
Writing /mnt/data/MATLAB/GIBBON/data/temp/temp.1.face.
Writing /mnt/data/MATLAB/GIBBON/data/temp/temp.1.edge.

Output seconds:  0.06637
Total running seconds:  0.192312

Statistics:

  Input points: 2047
  Input facets: 4086
  Input segments: 6129
  Input holes: 0
  Input regions: 2

  Mesh points: 5429
  Mesh tetrahedra: 28273
  Mesh faces: 58429
  Mesh faces on exterior boundary: 3766
  Mesh faces on input facets: 4086
  Mesh edges on input segments: 6129
  Steiner points inside domain: 3382

--- Done --- 07-Jul-2020 10:12:12
 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
--- Importing TetGen files --- 07-Jul-2020 10:12:12
--- Done --- 07-Jul-2020 10:12:12

cFigure; hold on;
hp=gpatch(Fb,V,Cb,'none',0.5);
axisGeom;
camlight headlight;
icolorbar;
gdrawnow;

Visualizing mesh using meshView, see also anim8

meshView(meshOutput);

Split element sets

E1=E(meshOutput.elementMaterialID==-2,:);
E2=E(meshOutput.elementMaterialID==-3,:);

Define boundary conditions

%Supported nodes
logicRigid=Cb==2;
bcSupportList=unique(Fb(logicRigid,:));

E_rigid=Fb(Cb==2,:);

Visualize BC's

hf=cFigure;
title('Boundary conditions model','FontSize',fontSize);
xlabel('X','FontSize',fontSize); ylabel('Y','FontSize',fontSize); zlabel('Z','FontSize',fontSize);
hold on;

gpatch(Fb,V,'kw','none',faceAlpha2);

gpatch(E_rigid,V,'gw','g',1);

hl2(1)=plotV(V(bcSupportList,:),'k.','MarkerSize',markerSize);

legend(hl2,{'BC support'});

axisGeom(gca,fontSize);
camlight headlight;
gdrawnow;

Defining the FEBio input structure

See also febioStructTemplate and febioStruct2xml and the FEBio user manual.

%Get a template with default settings
[febio_spec]=febioStructTemplate;

%febio_spec version
febio_spec.ATTR.version='2.5';

%Module section
febio_spec.Module.ATTR.type='solid';

%Control section
febio_spec.Control.analysis.ATTR.type='static';
febio_spec.Control.time_steps=numTimeSteps;
febio_spec.Control.step_size=1/numTimeSteps;
febio_spec.Control.time_stepper.dtmin=dtmin;
febio_spec.Control.time_stepper.dtmax=dtmax;
febio_spec.Control.time_stepper.max_retries=max_retries;
febio_spec.Control.time_stepper.opt_iter=opt_iter;
febio_spec.Control.max_refs=max_refs;
febio_spec.Control.max_ups=max_ups;
febio_spec.Control.symmetric_stiffness=symmetric_stiffness;
febio_spec.Control.min_residual=min_residual;

%Material section
febio_spec.Material.material{1}.ATTR.type='Ogden';
febio_spec.Material.material{1}.ATTR.id=1;
febio_spec.Material.material{1}.c1=c1_1;
febio_spec.Material.material{1}.m1=m1_1;
febio_spec.Material.material{1}.c2=c1_1;
febio_spec.Material.material{1}.m2=-m1_1;
febio_spec.Material.material{1}.k=k_1;

febio_spec.Material.material{2}.ATTR.type='Ogden';
febio_spec.Material.material{2}.ATTR.id=2;
febio_spec.Material.material{2}.c1=c1_2;
febio_spec.Material.material{2}.m1=m1_2;
febio_spec.Material.material{2}.c2=c1_2;
febio_spec.Material.material{2}.m2=-m1_2;
febio_spec.Material.material{2}.k=k_2;

febio_spec.Material.material{3}.ATTR.type='rigid body';
febio_spec.Material.material{3}.ATTR.id=3;
febio_spec.Material.material{3}.density=1e-9;
febio_spec.Material.material{3}.center_of_mass=mean(V(unique(E_rigid(:)),:),1);

%Geometry section
% -> Nodes
febio_spec.Geometry.Nodes{1}.ATTR.name='nodeSet_all'; %The node set name
febio_spec.Geometry.Nodes{1}.node.ATTR.id=(1:size(V,1))'; %The node id's
febio_spec.Geometry.Nodes{1}.node.VAL=V; %The nodel coordinates

% -> Elements
febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{1}.ATTR.type='tet4'; %Element type of this set
febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{1}.ATTR.mat=1; %material index for this set
febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{1}.ATTR.name='breastNormal'; %Name of the element set
febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{1}.elem.ATTR.id=(1:1:size(E1,1))'; %Element id's
febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{1}.elem.VAL=E1;

febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{2}.ATTR.type='tet4'; %Element type of this set
febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{2}.ATTR.mat=2; %material index for this set
febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{2}.ATTR.name='breastInclusion'; %Name of the element set
febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{2}.elem.ATTR.id=size(E1,1)+(1:1:size(E2,1))'; %Element id's
febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{2}.elem.VAL=E2;

febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{3}.ATTR.type='tri3'; %Element type of this set
febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{3}.ATTR.mat=3; %material index for this set
febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{3}.ATTR.name='PlateBottom'; %Name of the element set
febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{3}.elem.ATTR.id=size(E1,1)+size(E2,1)+(1:1:size(E_rigid,1))'; %Element id's
febio_spec.Geometry.Elements{3}.elem.VAL=E_rigid;

% -> Prescribed boundary conditions on the rigid body
febio_spec.Boundary.rigid_body{1}.ATTR.mat=3;
febio_spec.Boundary.rigid_body{1}.fixed{1}.ATTR.bc='x';
febio_spec.Boundary.rigid_body{1}.fixed{2}.ATTR.bc='y';
febio_spec.Boundary.rigid_body{1}.fixed{3}.ATTR.bc='z';
febio_spec.Boundary.rigid_body{1}.fixed{4}.ATTR.bc='Rx';
febio_spec.Boundary.rigid_body{1}.fixed{5}.ATTR.bc='Ry';
febio_spec.Boundary.rigid_body{1}.fixed{6}.ATTR.bc='Rz';

%Define loads
febio_spec.Loads.body_load.ATTR.type='const';
febio_spec.Loads.body_load.z.ATTR.lc=1;
febio_spec.Loads.body_load.z.VAL=bodyForceMagnitude;

%LoadData section
febio_spec.LoadData.loadcurve{1}.ATTR.id=1;
febio_spec.LoadData.loadcurve{1}.ATTR.type='linear';
febio_spec.LoadData.loadcurve{1}.point.VAL=[0 0; 1 1;];

%Output section
% -> log file
febio_spec.Output.logfile.ATTR.file=febioLogFileName;
febio_spec.Output.logfile.node_data{1}.ATTR.file=febioLogFileName_disp;
febio_spec.Output.logfile.node_data{1}.ATTR.data='ux;uy;uz';
febio_spec.Output.logfile.node_data{1}.ATTR.delim=',';
febio_spec.Output.logfile.node_data{1}.VAL=1:size(V,1);

febio_spec.Output.logfile.node_data{2}.ATTR.file=febioLogFileName_force;
febio_spec.Output.logfile.node_data{2}.ATTR.data='Rx;Ry;Rz';
febio_spec.Output.logfile.node_data{2}.ATTR.delim=',';
febio_spec.Output.logfile.node_data{2}.VAL=1:size(V,1);

febio_spec.Output.logfile.element_data{1}.ATTR.file=febioLogFileName_strainEnergy;
febio_spec.Output.logfile.element_data{1}.ATTR.data='sed';
febio_spec.Output.logfile.element_data{1}.ATTR.delim=',';
febio_spec.Output.logfile.element_data{1}.VAL=1:(size(E1,1)+size(E2,1));

Quick viewing of the FEBio input file structure

The febView function can be used to view the xml structure in a MATLAB figure window.

febView(febio_spec); %Viewing the febio file

Exporting the FEBio input file

Exporting the febio_spec structure to an FEBio input file is done using the febioStruct2xml function.

febioStruct2xml(febio_spec,febioFebFileName); %Exporting to file and domNode

Running the FEBio analysis

To run the analysis defined by the created FEBio input file the runMonitorFEBio function is used. The input for this function is a structure defining job settings e.g. the FEBio input file name. The optional output runFlag informs the user if the analysis was run succesfully.

febioAnalysis.run_filename=febioFebFileName; %The input file name
febioAnalysis.run_logname=febioLogFileName; %The name for the log file
febioAnalysis.disp_on=1; %Display information on the command window
febioAnalysis.disp_log_on=1; %Display convergence information in the command window
febioAnalysis.runMode=runMode;
febioAnalysis.t_check=0.25; %Time for checking log file (dont set too small)
febioAnalysis.maxtpi=1e99; %Max analysis time
febioAnalysis.maxLogCheckTime=10; %Max log file checking time

[runFlag]=runMonitorFEBio(febioAnalysis);%START FEBio NOW!!!!!!!!

 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
--- STARTING FEBIO JOB --- 07-Jul-2020 10:12:18
Waiting for log file...
Proceeding to check log file...07-Jul-2020 10:12:19
------- converged at time : 0.1
------- converged at time : 0.2
------- converged at time : 0.3
------- converged at time : 0.4
------- converged at time : 0.5
------- converged at time : 0.6
------- converged at time : 0.7
------- converged at time : 0.8
------- converged at time : 0.9
------- converged at time : 1
--- Done --- 07-Jul-2020 10:12:30

Import FEBio results

if runFlag==1 %i.e. a succesful run

    % Importing nodal displacements from a log file
    [time_mat, N_disp_mat,~]=importFEBio_logfile(fullfile(savePath,febioLogFileName_disp)); %Nodal displacements
    time_mat=[0; time_mat(:)]; %Time

    N_disp_mat=N_disp_mat(:,2:end,:);
    sizImport=size(N_disp_mat);
    sizImport(3)=sizImport(3)+1;
    N_disp_mat_n=zeros(sizImport);
    N_disp_mat_n(:,:,2:end)=N_disp_mat;
    N_disp_mat=N_disp_mat_n;
    DN_magnitude_all=sqrt(sum(N_disp_mat.^2,2));
    DN_magnitude=DN_magnitude_all(:,end);
    V_def=V+N_disp_mat(:,:,end);
    V_DEF=N_disp_mat+repmat(V,[1 1 size(N_disp_mat,3)]);
    X_DEF=V_DEF(:,1,:);
    Y_DEF=V_DEF(:,2,:);
    Z_DEF=V_DEF(:,3,:);

Plotting the simulated results using anim8 to visualize and animate deformations

    % Create basic view and store graphics handle to initiate animation
    hf=cFigure; %Open figure
    gtitle([febioFebFileNamePart,': Press play to animate']);
    hp1=gpatch(Fb,V_def,DN_magnitude,'none',0.7); %Add graphics object to animate
    hp1.FaceColor='Interp';
    hp2=gpatch(Fb(Cb==3,:),V_def,'kw','k',1); %Add graphics object to animate

    axisGeom(gca,fontSize);
    colormap(gjet(250)); colorbar;
    caxis([0 max(DN_magnitude_all(:))]);
    axis([min(X_DEF(:)) max(X_DEF(:)) min(Y_DEF(:)) max(Y_DEF(:)) min(Z_DEF(:)) max(Z_DEF(:))]);
    camlight headlight;

    % Set up animation features
    animStruct.Time=time_mat; %The time vector
    for qt=1:1:size(N_disp_mat,3) %Loop over time increments
        DN_magnitude=DN_magnitude_all(:,qt); %Current displacement magnitude
        V_def=V+N_disp_mat(:,:,qt); %Current nodal coordinates

        %Set entries in animation structure
        animStruct.Handles{qt}=[hp1 hp1 hp2]; %Handles of objects to animate
        animStruct.Props{qt}={'Vertices','CData','Vertices'}; %Properties of objects to animate
        animStruct.Set{qt}={V_def,DN_magnitude,V_def}; %Property values for to set in order to animate
    end
    anim8(hf,animStruct); %Initiate animation feature
    gdrawnow;

    [M,G,bwLabels]=patch2Im(Fb,V_def,Cb,1);
    M(M==1)=0.25;
    M(M==3)=1;
    M(M==0)=0.1;
    M=M+0.25*rand(size(M));
    voxelSize=G.voxelSize;
    imOrigin=G.origin;
    Vp=mean(V_def(Fb(Cb==3,:),:),1)-imOrigin;
    [i,j,k]=cart2im(Vp(:,1),Vp(:,2),Vp(:,3),voxelSize*ones(1,3));
    L_plot=false(size(M));
    L_plot(round(i),:,:)=1;
    L_plot(:,round(j),:)=1;
    L_plot(:,:,round(k))=1;
    L_plot=L_plot & ~isnan(M);
    [Fm,Vm,Cm]=ind2patch(L_plot,double(M),'v');
    [Vm(:,1),Vm(:,2),Vm(:,3)]=im2cart(Vm(:,2),Vm(:,1),Vm(:,3),voxelSize*ones(1,3));
    Vm=Vm+imOrigin(ones(size(Vm,1),1),:);

    hf=cFigure;

    hp1=gpatch(Fb,V_def,'bw','none',0.35);
    hp2=gpatch(Fm,Vm,Cm,'none',1);

    colormap(gca,gray(250)); colorbar; caxis([0 1]);
    axisGeom(gca,fontSize);
    axis([min(X_DEF(:)) max(X_DEF(:)) min(Y_DEF(:)) max(Y_DEF(:)) min(Z_DEF(:)) max(Z_DEF(:))]);
    camlight('headlight');
    gdrawnow;


    % Set up animation features
    animStruct.Time=time_mat; %The time vector
    for qt=1:1:size(N_disp_mat,3) %Loop over time increments

        V_def=V+N_disp_mat(:,:,qt); %Current nodal coordinates

        [M,G,bwLabels]=patch2Im(Fb,V_def,Cb,1);
        M(M==1)=0.25;
        M(M==3)=1;
        M(M==0)=0.1;
%         M(isnan(M))=0;
        M=M+0.1*rand(size(M));

        voxelSize=G.voxelSize;
        imOrigin=G.origin;
        Vp=mean(V_def(Fb(Cb==3,:),:),1)-imOrigin;
        [i,j,k]=cart2im(Vp(:,1),Vp(:,2),Vp(:,3),voxelSize*ones(1,3));
        L_plot=false(size(M));
        L_plot(round(i),:,:)=1;
        L_plot(:,round(j),:)=1;
        L_plot(:,:,round(k))=1;
        L_plot=L_plot & ~isnan(M);
        [Fm,Vm,Cm]=ind2patch(L_plot,double(M),'v');
        [Vm(:,1),Vm(:,2),Vm(:,3)]=im2cart(Vm(:,2),Vm(:,1),Vm(:,3),voxelSize*ones(1,3));
        Vm=Vm+imOrigin(ones(size(Vm,1),1),:);

        %Set entries in animation structure
        animStruct.Handles{qt}=[hp1 hp2 hp2 hp2]; %Handles of objects to animate
        animStruct.Props{qt}={'Vertices','Faces','Vertices','CData'}; %Properties of objects to animate
        animStruct.Set{qt}={V_def,Fm,Vm,Cm}; %Property values for to set in order to animate
    end
    anim8(hf,animStruct); %Initiate animation feature
    gdrawnow;

end

GIBBON www.gibboncode.org

Kevin Mattheus Moerman, [email protected]

GIBBON footer text

License: https://github.com/gibbonCode/GIBBON/blob/master/LICENSE

GIBBON: The Geometry and Image-based Bioengineering add-On. A toolbox for image segmentation, image-based modeling, meshing, and finite element analysis.

Copyright (C) 2006-2020 Kevin Mattheus Moerman

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

Published with MATLAB® R2020a